Disruption of insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling and down-regulation of cdc2 by SC-alphaalphadelta9, a novel small molecule antisignaling agent identified in a targeted array library

We previously reported the generation of a library of hydrophobic oxazole-based small molecules designed as inhibitors of phosphatases involved in cellular signaling and cell cycle control. One member of the targeted array library, 4-(benzyl-(2-[(2, 5-diphenyl-oxazole-4-carbonyl)-amino]-ethyl)-carbamoyl)-2-decanoylami no butyric acid (SC-alphaalphadelta9), inhibited cell growth in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. To investigate potential mechanisms for SC-alphaalphadelta9 antiproliferative activity, we have used mouse embryonic fibroblasts transformed with simian virus 40 large T antigen mouse embryonic fibroblasts as a model system for a malignant phenotype that depends on overexpression of cell cycle regulators and autocrine stimulation by insulin-like growth factor-1. Structure-activity relationship studies with SC-alphaalphadelta9 and four library congeners demonstrated that antiproliferative activity was not a result of overall hydrophobicity. Rather, SC-alphaalphadelta9 decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, receptor expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2. Less toxic congeners only partially affected receptor expression, receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and Cdc2 levels. Thus SC-alphaalphadelta9, which is structurally distinct from other known small molecules that decrease intracellular Cdc2 levels, has profound effects on intracellular signaling. Furthermore, SC-alphaalphadelta9, but not vanadate or okadaic acid, selectively inhibited the growth of simian virus 40 large T antigen mouse embryonic fibroblasts compared to the parental cells. These results suggest that overexpression of Cdc2 and increased dependence on insulin-like growth factor-1 autocrine stimulation are responsible for the increased sensitivity of simian virus 40 large T antigen mouse embryonic fibroblasts to SC-alphaalphadelta9. The SC-alphaalphadelta9 pharmacophore could be a useful platform for the development of novel antisignaling agents.