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Related Experiment Videos

Histamine release and contrast media-induced renal vasoconstriction

P Drescher1, J M Knes, P O Madsen

  • 1Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.

Academic Radiology
|November 11, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Ionic contrast media cause renal vasoconstriction through histamine release, a key factor in contrast-induced nephrotoxicity. Nonionic agents do not trigger this response, suggesting a safer alternative.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Contrast media are essential in medical imaging but can induce nephrotoxicity.
  • Histamine release is a suspected contributor to contrast-induced renal vasoconstriction and subsequent kidney damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of histamine release in contrast medium-induced renal vasoconstriction.
  • To compare the effects of ionic and nonionic contrast media on renal arteries.
  • To assess the impact of histamine H1 and H2 blockers on contrast-induced renal vasoconstriction.

Main Methods:

  • Isometric contractions of rabbit renal arteries were measured.
  • Arteries were stimulated with KCl, ionic (diatrizoate), and nonionic (iomeprol, iodixanol) contrast media.

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  • The effects of histamine H1 (diphenhydramine) and H2 (cimetidine) blockers were evaluated.
  • Histamine concentrations post-contrast administration were quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • Ionic contrast media (diatrizoate) induced significant dose-dependent renal artery contractions (27%) compared to nonionic agents (iodixanol 5%, iomeprol 4.5%).
    • Diphenhydramine partially inhibited contractions (49%), while cimetidine had no effect.
    • Histamine levels significantly increased only after diatrizoate administration.

    Conclusions:

    • Ionic contrast media trigger histamine release, leading to renal vasoconstriction, which can be partially mitigated by H1 blockers.
    • Nonionic contrast media do not induce histamine release or significant renal vasospasm.
    • These findings highlight potential differences in nephrotoxicity mechanisms between ionic and nonionic contrast agents.