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Related Concept Videos

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
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Nineteen baculovirus open reading frames, including LEF-12, support late gene expression

J C Rapp1, J A Wilson, L K Miller

  • 1Departments of Entomology and Genetics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.

Journal of Virology
|November 13, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a new late expression factor gene (lef-12) in Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. This gene is crucial for late viral gene expression in insect cells, though not essential for replication.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Virology
  • Insect Cell Culture
  • Gene Expression Regulation

Background:

  • Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) utilizes late expression factor (lef) genes for efficient viral replication.
  • Previous studies identified 18 lef genes essential for late viral gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel late expression factor genes in AcNPV.
  • To characterize the function of a newly discovered lef gene, lef-12.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of plasmid subclones containing identified lef genes.
  • Transient expression assays in SF-21 and TN-368 insect cell lines.
  • Utilizing Drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter for gene expression control.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a 19th lef gene, lef-12, adjacent to the p47 gene.
  • lef-12 encodes a 21 kDa protein with no known homology.
  • The set of 19 hsp70-controlled lef ORFs supported transient late viral promoter expression.
  • lef-12 did not affect early baculovirus promoter expression but showed a stimulatory effect in TN-368 cells.

Conclusions:

  • lef-12 is a novel late expression factor gene essential for late viral gene expression in AcNPV.
  • lef-12's function appears context-dependent and may not be universally essential for viral replication.