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Urinary stone proteins: an update

J P Binette1, M B Binette, M A Gawinowicz

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Buffalo, New York 14215, USA.

Scanning Microscopy
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Kidney stone matrix, primarily proteins, plays a key role in stone formation. Research reveals its complex composition and potential origins from renal tubules and blood proteins.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The organic matrix of kidney stones has been recognized since 1684.
  • Its role in stone formation was proposed over 150 years later.
  • Modern investigation began in the 1950s with electron microscopy and biochemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the composition and formation mechanism of the renal stone matrix.
  • To identify proteins incorporated into kidney stones.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of stone protein extracts.
  • Utilizing electron microscopy and biochemical techniques.

Main Results:

  • The matrix is mainly composed of selectively incorporated proteins, rich in glutamic and aspartic acid, with gamma-carboxyglutamic acid.

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  • Matrix composition is variable and complex, sharing some proteins across stones.
  • Embryonic stones may incorporate blood and cell membrane proteins in renal tubules.

    • Conclusions:

    • Kidney stone formation involves supersaturation, environment, abnormal calcium-binding proteins, and incorporation of leukocyte and cell membrane proteins.
    • The renal stone matrix is a complex entity crucial to understanding stone pathogenesis.