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Related Experiment Videos

Na+/I- symporter distribution in human thyroid tissues: an immunohistochemical study

B Caillou1, F Troalen, E Baudin

  • 1Department of Pathology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|November 14, 1998
PubMed
Summary

The human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is present in normal thyroid cells and its expression varies in different thyroid conditions. Immunodetection of hNIS may predict radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is crucial for iodide uptake in the thyroid gland.
  • Understanding hNIS expression is vital for diagnosing and treating thyroid diseases, including cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and distribution of the hNIS protein in various normal and pathological thyroid tissues using immunohistochemistry.
  • To correlate hNIS expression levels with different thyroid histotypes and TSH receptor (TSHR) immunoreactivity.
  • To assess the potential of hNIS immunodetection as a predictor of radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was employed using antipeptide antibodies against the carboxyl-terminal region of hNIS.
  • Analysis included normal thyroid tissue, nonneoplastic conditions (Graves' disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, diffuse nodular hyperplasia), and thyroid neoplasms (follicular, papillary, and poorly differentiated carcinomas).

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  • TSH receptor (TSHR) immunoreactivity was also assessed and compared with hNIS expression. Radioiodine (131I) uptake was evaluated in metastatic tissues.

    • Main Results:

    • hNIS protein expression in normal thyroid tissue was heterogeneous, localized to the basolateral membrane of a minority of follicular cells near capillaries.
    • Graves' disease showed increased hNIS expression in most follicular cells, while autoimmune thyroiditis had similar levels to normal tissue, with positive cells near lymphocytic infiltrates.
    • Thyroid cancers exhibited significantly reduced hNIS-positive cells compared to normal tissue, with poorly differentiated carcinomas showing the least expression. hNIS expression correlated with TSHR immunoreactivity.
    • Absence of hNIS immunostaining in one follicular cancer correlated with no radioiodine uptake in metastases, while positive hNIS cells in three cancers predicted lymph node metastasis uptake.

    Conclusions:

    • hNIS expression is modulated in various thyroid conditions and is reduced in differentiated and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers.
    • hNIS may serve as an autoantigen in autoimmune thyroiditis.
    • Immunodetection of hNIS holds promise for predicting radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer patients, potentially guiding treatment decisions.