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Transfusion-transmissible infections

H Vrielink1, H W Reesink

  • 1Red Cross Blood Bank Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|November 14, 1998
PubMed
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Blood transfusions can transmit infectious agents like HIV, HBV, and HCV. Current safety measures significantly reduce risk, but future methods like nucleic acid testing and photochemical decontamination promise even greater safety for blood products.

Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Blood products can transmit various infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
  • Key transfusion-transmitted viruses include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV).
  • Other viral agents like cytomegalovirus and parvovirus B19 can also be transmitted via blood products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for preventing the transmission of blood-borne infectious agents.
  • To assess the current residual risk of transfusion-transmitted infections.
  • To discuss future strategies for enhancing blood product safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on blood product safety and infectious agent transmission.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of current screening and viral inactivation techniques for donated blood.
  • Evaluation of emerging technologies for pathogen detection and decontamination.
  • Main Results:

    • Current precautionary measures, including donor selection and blood testing, have substantially reduced transfusion-transmitted infections.
    • The estimated risk for infection from screened blood components in Europe and the US is low, ranging from 1 in 50,000 to 1.6 million for HBV, HCV, and HIV.
    • Ongoing advancements aim to further minimize residual risks.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite significant progress, the transmission of infectious agents via blood products remains a concern.
    • Enhanced screening methods like nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) can improve safety.
    • Photochemical decontamination offers a promising approach for further securing cellular blood components.