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Spatial changes in the transmembrane potential during extracellular electric stimulation

X Zhou1, S B Knisley, W M Smith

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. xhz@crml.uab.edu

Circulation Research
|November 14, 1998
PubMed
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Extracellular electric fields cause spatial changes in transmembrane potential. Guinea pig papillary muscles showed depolarization at the cathode and hyperpolarization at the anode, consistent with continuous models, not cellular gap junction models.

Area of Science:

  • Electrophysiology
  • Biophysics
  • Cardiac Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding cardiac tissue response to electrical stimulation is crucial for pacing and defibrillation.
  • Previous models have predicted different spatial patterns of transmembrane potential changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial distribution of transmembrane potential changes in cardiac tissue under extracellular electric field stimulation.
  • To compare experimental findings with predictions from continuous (bidomain, cable) and cellular (sawtooth) models.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded transmembrane potential in guinea pig papillary muscles using double-barrel microelectrodes.
  • Applied extracellular electric field stimulation (S2 shock) during the action potential plateau.
  • Systematically varied recording sites across the tissue (macroscopic and microscopic scales) and shock polarities/strengths.

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Main Results:

  • Observed depolarization towards the cathode and hyperpolarization towards the anode.
  • A single zero-potential crossing was consistently found near the tissue center.
  • Macroscopic recordings showed a clear anode-cathode gradient, while microscopic recordings revealed localized effects.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental results align with continuous models like bidomain and cable equations.
  • Findings contradict predictions from cellular models based on gap junction resistance, such as the sawtooth model.
  • The study refines our understanding of electrical field propagation in cardiac tissue.