[Hormones and cancer: risk-benefit]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• Gynecology

Background:

• Female sexual steroids, particularly estrogen, are implicated in cancer development, supported by epidemiological and experimental evidence.
• Hormones play a role in cancer prevention, including oral contraceptives for ovarian and endometrial cancers, and chemoprevention for high-risk breast cancer patients.
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is generally recommended for patients with gynecological malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the multifaceted role of female sexual steroids and hormone therapy in cancer development and prevention.
• To evaluate the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy in gynecological and breast cancer patients.

Main Methods:

• Review of epidemiological and experimental findings on steroid hormones and cancer.
• Analysis of the role of oral contraceptives and chemoprevention strategies.
• Assessment of hormone replacement therapy indications and contraindications in gynecological and breast cancer.

Main Results:

• Estrogen and other female sexual steroids demonstrate a significant influence on cancer development.
• Hormones are integral to cancer preventive strategies, with specific applications in ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers.
• While HRT is beneficial for gynecological cancers, its use in breast cancer patients requires careful risk-benefit assessment, considering factors like cardiovascular health.

Conclusions:

• Female sexual steroids are key factors in cancer etiology and prevention.
• Hormone therapy is a vital component in managing gynecological cancers and preventing breast cancer in high-risk individuals.
• The application of hormone replacement therapy necessitates a personalized approach, particularly in breast cancer cases, to weigh advantages against potential risks.