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[Perinatal asphyxia and heart problems]

G V Herdy1, V G Lopes, M L Aragão

  • 1Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói, RJ.

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia
|November 17, 1998
PubMed
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Neonatal asphyxia can cause cardiac issues, but most infants recover well. However, prolonged hypoxia in fatal cases correlates with severe heart damage.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Neonatal asphyxia is a significant cause of infant mortality and morbidity.
  • Cardiac complications are a major concern following hypoxic events in newborns.
  • Understanding the relationship between asphyxia severity and cardiac sequelae is crucial for prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the severity of cardiac complications in neonatal asphyxia.
  • To correlate cardiac complications with the duration and degree of hypoxia.
  • To identify specific cardiac manifestations and their impact on outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 90 newborns with Apgar scores ≤ 6.
  • Collected arterial blood for biochemical and acid-base analysis.

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  • Performed serial electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiograms, and chest X-rays.
  • Conducted post-mortem examinations in fatal cases.

    • Main Results:

    • 73% of infants were premature; 43% were small for gestational age (SGA).
    • Common findings included systolic murmurs (50%), signs of heart hypertrophy (20%), and heart failure (9%).
    • Echocardiography revealed patent ductus arteriosus (22%) and pulmonary hypertension (7%); necropsy showed myocyte necrosis in 54% of fatal cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Most infants experienced a benign clinical course, with many ECG and echocardiogram abnormalities resolving.
    • Prolonged hypoxic events in fatal cases were associated with more severe histological cardiac lesions.
    • Early detection and management of cardiac complications are vital for improving outcomes in neonatal asphyxia.