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Related Experiment Videos

Autonomic regulation. i-NANC/e-NANC

J G Widdicombe1

  • 1Sherrington School of Physiology, St. Thomas' Campus (UMDS), London, United Kingdom.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|November 17, 1998
PubMed
Summary

The nonadrenergic/noncholinergic (NANC) systems in airways are complex, with neurotransmitters like vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) having varied roles. Current understanding, mainly from rodent studies, is insufficient for human airway physiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nonadrenergic/noncholinergic (NANC) systems modulate airway functions.
  • Existing nomenclature for excitatory and inhibitory NANC (e-NANC, i-NANC) systems is inadequate due to diverse neurotransmitter actions on various airway targets.
  • Established roles for NANC transmitters are limited to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), nitric oxide (NO), and substance P/neurokinin A (SP/NKA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the current understanding of NANC systems in airway physiology.
  • To highlight limitations in nomenclature and experimental models for NANC research.
  • To identify key neurotransmitters and their roles in airway function and neurogenic inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NANC systems in airway research.
  • Analysis of neurotransmitter localization and function in various airway tissues.
  • Comparison of findings across species, with a focus on rodent models versus human physiology.

Main Results:

  • VIP and NO are key transmitters with similar actions on target tissues, co-localizing in vagal nerves but also found in sympathetic and sensory nerves.
  • SP/NKA, released from sensory nerves, is implicated in neurogenic inflammation and airway smooth muscle contraction in rodents, but evidence in humans is limited.
  • Cotransmission, where multiple transmitters exert opposing effects, presents significant challenges in interpreting NANC system functions.
  • Most research relies on isolated rodent tissues, limiting in vivo applicability to human airway pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • The current nomenclature for NANC systems is unsatisfactory due to the complex and varied actions of neurotransmitters.
  • VIP and NO are significant NANC transmitters in airways, with species-specific importance.
  • The role of SP/NKA in human neurogenic inflammation requires further investigation.
  • Understanding cotransmission and in vivo human airway physiology remains a critical challenge in NANC research.

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