Acute pancreatitis as a triggering factor for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) constitutes a poorly understood multisystemic disease of vascular origin that may involve any organ by thrombotic occlusions of the small vessels. Treatment with plasmapheresis is the best therapeutic option at this present moment. Involvement of the pancreas is a well established feature of this disease, which has generally been interpreted as a consequence of pancreatic vascular compromise. However, there are a few cases in the literature in which the clinical signs of TTP developed well after the clinical and laboratory demonstration of acute pancreatitis (AP). Therefore, the possibility of pancreatic inflammation as a triggering factor of TTP may need to be considered. This cause-effect relationship between AP and TTP remains unclear. We report a patient with chronic pancreatitis presenting with two episodes of TTP, triggered by acute relapses of pancreatitis. TTP may, thus, constitute a hematological complication of AP. We discuss the pathophysiological aspects of this association, along with therapeutical options.