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Multiple sites of V lambda diversification in cattle

M R Lucier¹, R E Thompson, J Waire

¹Department of Biology, Amherst College, MA 01002, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

|November 20, 1998

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Cattle immunoglobulin lambda (Vλ) repertoire diversification occurs in the fetal spleen before the ileal Peyer's patch. This study suggests cattle utilize gene conversion and somatic mutation for Vλ repertoire development.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics
Veterinary Science

Background:

The ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) has been implicated as a primary site for immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire diversification in cattle.
Understanding the early stages of Vλ repertoire development is crucial for comprehending bovine adaptive immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the site and mechanisms of Vλ repertoire diversification in cattle.
To compare Vλ diversification in the ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) of calves with that in fetal bovine spleens.

Main Methods:

Microdissection of individual IPP follicles.
RT-PCR, cloning, and sequencing of Vλ sequences from IPP and fetal spleens.
Comparative analysis of intrafollicular Vλ sequences and germline sequences.

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Main Results:

Genealogic relationships among Vλ sequences in IPP follicles suggest in situ diversification.
Vλ diversity was observed in early fetal bovine spleens, preceding significant diversity in the ileum.
Evidence of gene conversion and untemplated point mutations was found in fetal spleen Vλ sequences.

Conclusions:

The ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) is not the sole site of Vλ diversification in cattle.
Bovine Vλ repertoire development may involve both gene conversion and untemplated somatic point mutation, similar to rabbits.