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Related Experiment Videos

Testing the direct-access model: GOD does not prime DOG

L A Huntsman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, CA 95192-0120, USA. huntsman@email.sjsu.edu

Perception & Psychophysics
|November 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This study found that reversed word repetitions (e.g., GOD-DOG) do not prime word recognition, unlike identical repetitions (e.g., DOG-DOG). This suggests word recognition relies on multiple, interconnected lexical representations rather than direct visual access alone.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Repetition priming is a phenomenon where prior exposure to a stimulus influences subsequent processing.
  • Theories of word recognition vary in their postulation of direct visual access versus distributed lexical representations.
  • Investigating priming with identical and reversed repetitions can differentiate between these theoretical accounts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of direct visual access in word recognition.
  • To examine whether reversed word repetitions (e.g., GOD-DOG) facilitate lexical decision making.
  • To test predictions derived from theories of word recognition involving multiple lexical representations.

Main Methods:

  • Three repetition priming experiments were conducted.

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  • Stimuli included identical repetitions (e.g., DOG-DOG) and reversed repetitions (e.g., GOD-DOG) of words and nonwords.
  • Experiments varied in priming duration (long-term vs. short-term) and stimulus presentation (clear vs. misoriented).

    • Main Results:

    • Identical word repetitions (DOG-DOG) facilitated word recognition, while reversed repetitions (GOD-DOG) did not.
    • Nonword priming followed a similar pattern to word priming, with identical repetitions priming but reversed repetitions not.
    • These findings held across different priming durations and stimulus orientations.

    Conclusions:

    • The results do not support theories relying solely on direct visual access for word recognition.
    • Evidence supports models positing multiple, interconnected lexical representations activated during word processing.
    • The findings underscore the complexity of the lexical access system.