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A polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene codon 174 and coronary artery disease in Japanese subjects
N D Cong1, K Hamaguchi, T Saikawa
1Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, Oita Medical University, Hasama, Japan.
Insights
The angiotensinogen (AGT) T/T genotype at codon 174 may increase coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in Japanese individuals with low BMI, fewer risk factors, or the ACE I/I genotype.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Cardiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant health concern.
- Genetic polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system, including angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), are implicated in cardiovascular disease.
- Understanding these genetic associations can aid in risk stratification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between AGT and ACE gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of CAD in a Japanese population.
- To identify specific genotypes that may confer increased risk for CAD.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 104 CAD patients and 170 healthy Japanese subjects.
- Coronary angiography was used to define CAD (luminal diameter stenosis >=50%).
- Polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine genotypes for AGT (codon 174 and 235) and ACE (I/D polymorphism).
Main Results:
- AGT codon 174 T/T genotype was significantly more frequent in CAD patients within subgroups characterized by low body mass index (BMI), fewer than three CAD risk factors, or the ACE I/I genotype.
- AGT codon 235 M/M genotype showed a negative association with CAD.
- ACE D/D genotype was positively associated with CAD in the overall population.
Conclusions:
- The AGT codon 174 T/T genotype may represent a specific risk factor for CAD in Japanese individuals with specific genetic and clinical profiles (low BMI, low risk factor burden, or ACE I/I genotype).
- These findings contribute to understanding the genetic determinants of CAD in diverse populations.
Abstract:
The relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) and polymorphisms of genes encoding angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was analyzed in Japanese subjects. One hundred and four patients with CAD and 170 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. CAD was defined as having a luminal diameter stenosis > or =50% in at least one of three major coronary arteries by coronary angiography. The genotypes (determined by polymerase chain reaction) of AGT gene codon 174 were not significantly associated with CAD in the total study population. However, the frequency of T/T homozygotes of AGT codon 174 was significantly higher in CAD patients compared to controls in each of three subgroups: 1) body mass index (BMI) below the median value of 24.1 kg/m2; 2) not more than two CAD risk factors out of five (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and family history of CAD); and 3) the ACE I/I genotype. The M/M genotype of AGT codon 235 was negatively associated, and the ACE D/D genotype was positively associated, with CAD in the total study population. Our results indicate that the T/T genotype of AGT codon 174 may be a risk factor for CAD in Japanese individuals with low BMI, lesser CAD risk factors, or ACE I/I genotype.