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Adhesion molecules in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)--a decrease in L-selectin-positive T lymphocytes

I Nordøy1, F Müller, P Aukrust

  • 1Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Medical Department A, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|November 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) involves defective antibody production and altered immune cell adhesion. This study reveals elevated adhesion molecules and T cell activation in CVID patients, particularly those with splenomegaly, suggesting a role in impaired immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by impaired antibody production.
  • The role of adhesion molecules in CVID pathogenesis is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum levels and cellular expression of key adhesion molecules (L-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1) in CVID patients.
  • To explore the relationship between adhesion molecule expression, T lymphocyte activation, and clinical features like splenomegaly in CVID.

Main Methods:

  • Serum analysis of L-selectin (CD62L), VCAM-1 (CD106), and ICAM-1 (CD54) in 31 CVID patients and controls.
  • Flow cytometry analysis of adhesion molecule expression on lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD19+) in 15 CVID patients.
  • Assessment of CD38 expression on T lymphocytes.

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Main Results:

  • Significantly elevated serum levels of L-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were observed in CVID patients.
  • Reduced L-selectin expression on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and increased ICAM-1 on CD19+ lymphocytes were noted.
  • CVID patients with splenomegaly exhibited higher adhesion molecule levels, reduced L-selectin on B cells, and increased T cell activation markers (CD38+).

Conclusions:

  • CVID is associated with systemic alterations in adhesion molecule expression and immune cell activation.
  • Splenomegaly in CVID patients correlates with heightened immune activation and adhesion molecule dysregulation.
  • These immune abnormalities may contribute to the compromised antimicrobial defense characteristic of CVID.