Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

[Microbial toxins]

S Bhakdi1

  • 1Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|November 21, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial toxins, including endotoxins and exotoxins, are key bacterial virulence factors. Understanding these toxins has significantly advanced the study of bacterial infection pathogenesis over the last 20 years.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of a catalase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2007
Same author

Fatty acids liberated from low-density lipoprotein trigger endothelial apoptosis via mitogen-activated protein kinases.

Cell death and differentiation·2005
Same author

An hypothesis for the immunopathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Clinical nephrology·2003
Same author

[Immunopathogenesis of atherosclerosis: the Mainz hypothesis].

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2002
Same author

C1-esterase-inhibitor treatment at early reperfusion of hemorrhagic shock reduces mesentry leukocyte adhesion and rolling.

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)·2002
Same author

Application of C1-esterase inhibitor during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium: dose-related beneficial versus detrimental effects.

Circulation·2001
Same journal

[Vaccination of immunocompromised individuals: Expert opinion - update 2026].

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2026
Same journal

Systematic review of clinical evidence for Kneipp medicine.

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2026
Same journal

Pelvic resections in primary sarcomas : Surgical outcomes and survival analysis of 75 patients.

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2026
Same journal

Jungmediziner*innen am Start: 11. Workshop für den medizinischen Nachwuchs.

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2026
Same journal

Stellungnahme der ÖGP zur geplanten Gesetzesnovelle zum Nichtraucherschutzgesetz.

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2026
Same journal

MUW researcher of the month: Dr. Moritz Schaefer.

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2026
See all related articles

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Bacterial toxins are critical determinants of pathogenicity.
  • Gram-negative bacteria possess endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) that disrupt host cell functions and induce cytokine storms.
  • Exotoxins, protein-based toxins, are categorized by their mechanisms of action.

Purpose:

  • To categorize microbial toxins and elucidate their roles in bacterial pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the diverse mechanisms by which toxins contribute to disease.
  • To underscore the impact of toxin research on understanding bacterial infections.

Summary:

  • Endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria dysregulate host cells and stimulate excessive cytokine production.
  • Exotoxins include intracellular enzymes, membrane-disrupting agents forming pores, and superantigens that trigger widespread immune cell activation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Pathogenic bacteria often produce multiple synergistic toxins, complicating infection outcomes.

    • Impact:

    • Research into microbial toxins has revolutionized the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis.
    • This knowledge is crucial for developing targeted therapies against bacterial infections.
    • Advances in toxin research inform strategies for combating infectious diseases.