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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

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Hyperbaric oxygen: a novel modality to ameliorate experimental colitis

D Rachmilewitz1, F Karmeli, E Okon

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.

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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy effectively reduces colonic damage in experimental colitis models. This treatment decreases nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, suggesting a key mechanism for its anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by intestinal inflammation.
  • Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has shown potential benefits for IBD, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of HBO in reducing colonic damage in experimental colitis models.
  • To investigate if HBO's therapeutic effects are mediated by modulating nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental colitis was induced using acetic acid or trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNB) in rats.
  • Rats were treated with HBO (100% oxygen at 2.4 ATA) or served as controls.
  • Colonic damage, myeloperoxidase (MPO), NO synthase (NOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were assessed.

Main Results:

  • HBO significantly reduced colonic injury by 51% (acetic acid) and 62% (TNB).
  • HBO treatment led to decreased colonic weight, MPO, PGE2, and NOS activities.
  • LTB4 generation was also reduced in acetic acid-induced colitis.

Conclusions:

  • HBO therapy is effective in mitigating experimental colitis.
  • Reduced NO generation, indicated by decreased NOS activity, is a likely mechanism for HBO's anti-inflammatory action.
  • HBO may be a viable treatment option for refractory inflammatory bowel disease.