Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities in autism

Area of Science:

• Developmental Psychology
• Pediatric Neurology
• Clinical Psychology

Background:

• Early identification of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) is crucial for timely intervention.
• Parental concern and professional consultation are key triggers for diagnostic pathways.
• Understanding factors influencing referral age can optimize early detection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify factors associated with the early detection and referral of children with PDDs.
• To analyze the relationship between specific child characteristics, family factors, and the age of initial concern and professional contact.
• To inform strategies for improving the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

Main Methods:

• A sample of 82 children referred to an outpatient diagnostic service for PDDs was studied.
• Data were collected using the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI), standardized psychological tests, and direct observations.
• Analysis focused on the age of first parental concern and first professional advice sought.

Main Results:

• The mean age for parental concern was 19.1 months and for professional advice was 24.1 months.
• Earlier concern and referral were associated with intellectual disability, having an older sibling, and concerns about medical problems/developmental delays.
• Child's gender, specific autistic behaviors, social class, and residence did not significantly impact recognition age.

Conclusions:

• Factors like intellectual disability, family structure (older sibling), and specific parental concerns (medical/developmental delays) facilitate earlier PDD recognition.
• Health visitors and general practitioners are frequently the initial professional contacts for concerned parents.
• Findings highlight the importance of recognizing subtle signs and encouraging prompt professional consultation for PDDs.