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Exercise-induced loss of bone density in athletes
L A Voss1, P D Fadale, M J Hulstyn
1US Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|November 24, 1998
Summary
Osteoporosis in athletes, often due to hormonal imbalances, increases fracture risk. This condition can lead to premature bone loss and irreversible effects, even with exercise.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Bone Physiology
Background:
- Osteoporosis is a rare but serious condition in athletes, distinct from other exercise-related chronic effects.
- Hormonal imbalances in athletes can trigger compensatory mechanisms leading to osteoporosis and increased fracture incidence.
- Research has primarily focused on women due to the detectability of hormonal imbalances.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the unique aspects of osteoporosis in athletes.
- To explain the link between hormonal imbalances, bone loss, and fracture risk in athletes.
- To emphasize the potential for premature and irreversible bone loss in athletic populations.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on osteoporosis in athletes.
- Analysis of physiological changes associated with hormonal imbalances in endurance athletes.
- Comparison of bone density changes in athletes versus non-athletes.
Main Results:
- Endurance athletes often exhibit decreased sex hormone levels.
- Physiological changes resulting from hormonal decrease can lead to significant bone loss.
- Bone loss may occur despite bone loading from exercise, leading to relative osteoporosis.
Conclusions:
- Hormonal imbalances are a key factor in exercise-induced osteoporosis.
- Athletes experiencing hormonal changes are at increased risk for premature osteoporosis and fractures.
- The condition may be irreversible, posing long-term health risks for athletes.