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Vanadium accumulation in pinnipeds

K Saeki1, M Nakajima, K Noda

  • 1Department of Environmental Conservation, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790 Japan.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
|November 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Vanadium accumulates in the liver, hair, and bone of northern fur seals, with higher concentrations linked to age in four pinniped species. This metal also correlates with mercury, silver, and selenium levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Marine Mammal Biology
  • Trace Element Analysis

Background:

  • Understanding trace metal accumulation in marine mammals is crucial for assessing ecosystem health.
  • Pinnipeds serve as bioindicators due to their position in the marine food web.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze vanadium accumulation and distribution in four Northern Pacific pinniped species.
  • To investigate the relationship between vanadium levels, age, and other trace elements in these marine mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for vanadium analysis.
  • Tissue samples (liver, hair, bone) from four pinniped species were examined.
  • Correlation analyses were performed between vanadium, age, and other metals (mercury, silver, selenium).

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Main Results:

  • Northern fur seals showed high vanadium concentrations in liver, hair, and bone, with 90% of the body burden in these tissues.
  • Hepatic vanadium concentrations correlated significantly with age across the four species, but levels varied by species.
  • Vanadium accumulation in northern fur seal livers was linked to increased retention in cellular nuclei and mitochondria.
  • Liver vanadium levels were significantly correlated with mercury, silver, and selenium in northern fur seals, Steller sea lions, and harbor seals.

Conclusions:

  • Vanadium is significantly stored in specific tissues of northern fur seals and accumulates with age in pinnipeds.
  • Vanadium distribution and accumulation patterns vary among pinniped species.
  • The correlation between vanadium and other heavy metals suggests potential co-contamination or synergistic effects in marine mammals.