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Identity disturbance in personality disorders

J Modestin1, B Oberson, T Erni

  • 1Psychiatric University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.

Comprehensive Psychiatry
|November 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Identity disturbance is common in personality disorder (PD) patients but not exclusive to borderline PD. It does not correlate with childhood trauma or specific Axis I disorders, challenging current diagnostic models.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Personality Disorders

Background:

  • Identity disturbance is a key feature in personality disorder (PD) pathology.
  • Its diagnostic significance and relationship with other PDs are debated.
  • Current diagnostic criteria (DSM-III-R) and theoretical models (Kernberg) offer differing perspectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and correlates of identity disturbance in PD patients.
  • To examine the relationship between identity disturbance and specific PD types.
  • To evaluate the validity of current conceptualizations of identity disturbance in PD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of inpatients diagnosed with PD on self-reports were assessed.
  • Patients were divided into groups with and without identity disturbance based on DSM-III-R criteria.
  • Group comparisons were conducted to analyze diagnostic outcomes and correlations.

Main Results:

  • Identity disturbance was present in a significant portion of PD patients, regardless of specific PD type.
  • Seventy-five percent of patients with identity disturbance and 34% without received a definite PD interview diagnosis.
  • Identity disturbance did not show significant correlations with Axis I disorders, suicidal behavior, childhood trauma, or parental bonding.

Conclusions:

  • Identity disturbance is a prevalent feature across various personality disorders, not solely characteristic of borderline PD.
  • The findings challenge the DSM's exclusive conceptualization of identity disturbance in borderline PD.
  • Kernberg's view of identity disturbance as essential for borderline personality organization is also not fully supported, as many PD patients lack this feature.

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