Plasma norepinephrine response to a cold pressor test in subtypes of depressive illness
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Updated: Oct 27, 2026

An Alternative to the Traditional Cold Pressor Test: The Cold Pressor Arm Wrap
Published on: January 16, 2014
1Department of Mental Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Abstract:
Noradrenergic systems have been shown to be disordered in depressive illness. The plasma norepinephrine response to a cold pressor test was used to investigate norepinephrine activity in subtypes of depressive illness. Patients with melancholic or psychotic depression, non-melancholic depression, general anxiety disorder and normal control subjects had a cold pressor test carried out under standard conditions. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma norepinephrine during the test. The plasma norepinephrine response to a cold pressor test was reduced in the melancholic/psychotic depressed patients compared to control subjects. No other intergroup comparisons were statistically significant. These results suggest noradrenergic systems are disturbed and subresponsive to stress in melancholic/psychotic depressed patients. This does not appear related to other clinical or biochemical factors.
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