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Radiotherapy-induced emesis. An overview

P Feyer1, J S Zimmermann, O J Titlbach

  • 1Department Radiotherapy, Campus Charité-Mitte, Humboldt-University Berlin. petra.feyer.@charite.de

Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie : Organ Der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [Et Al]
|November 27, 1998
PubMed
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Radiotherapy can cause nausea and vomiting, significantly impacting patient quality of life. 5-HT3-receptor antagonists are effective in preventing and treating these side effects, especially for high-risk patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Radiotherapy frequently causes nausea and emesis, diminishing patient quality of life.
  • These symptoms can lead to treatment interruptions and complications like dehydration and weight loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review international data on radiotherapy-induced emesis.
  • To present strategies for preventing and treating radiotherapy-induced nausea and emesis.
  • To discuss the incidence and consensus on antiemetic therapy in fractionated radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • International study analysis of radiotherapy-induced emesis.
  • German multicenter questionnaire on prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Consensus conference findings on antiemetic therapy.

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Main Results:

  • Nausea and emesis can interrupt treatment in 20% of patients.
  • Radiotherapy regimens are categorized by emetogenic potential (high, moderate, low).
  • Total body irradiation and abdominal radiotherapy have the highest emetogenic potential.

Conclusions:

  • 5-HT3-receptor antagonists demonstrate significant efficacy (60-97% response) in preventing radiotherapy-induced emesis.
  • Prophylactic 5-HT3-antagonist treatment is recommended for high-risk patients.
  • Adjunctive use of glucocorticoids and benzodiazepines can enhance antiemetic response.