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Related Concept Videos

Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Overview
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors01:07

Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind intracellular receptors that reside within the cell cytoplasm or nucleus. Many mammalian steroid hormones and nitric oxide (NO) gas use this cell signaling mechanism.
Similar to membrane-bound receptors, the binding of a ligand to the intracellular receptor of causes a conformational change in the...
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Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

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Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions
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Thrombopoietin and its receptor

F Wendling1, W Vainchenker

  • 1INSERM U. 362, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France. frog@igr.fr

European Cytokine Network
|November 27, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Thrombopoietin (TPO) regulates platelet production and affects various hematopoietic stem cells. Its signaling involves the Mpl receptor, JAK2/STAT5, and MAPK pathways, with potential therapeutic applications under investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the main regulator of platelet production.
  • Initially considered lineage-specific, TPO impacts diverse hematopoietic progenitor cells, including stem cells.
  • TPO is a hormone produced by the liver and kidneys, with plasma levels controlled by platelet mass via Mpl receptor dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the multifaceted roles of TPO beyond megakaryocytopoiesis.
  • To elucidate the signaling pathways activated by TPO through its Mpl receptor.
  • To review the preclinical and clinical potential of TPO in various therapeutic contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TPO, its receptor Mpl, and downstream signaling pathways.

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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

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  • Analysis of JAK2/STAT5 and MAPK pathway activation in response to TPO.
  • Examination of preclinical and clinical study data regarding TPO's therapeutic potential.

    • Main Results:

    • TPO influences a wide range of hematopoietic progenitor cells, not just megakaryocytes.
    • Mpl receptor signaling involves JAK2/STAT5 for proliferation and potentially MAPK for differentiation.
    • TPO shows promise in various applications, though its efficacy in reducing platelet transfusions requires further evaluation.

    Conclusions:

    • TPO is a pleiotropic cytokine with significant roles in hematopoiesis.
    • Understanding TPO signaling pathways is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
    • Further research is needed to fully establish TPO's clinical benefits, particularly in transfusion medicine.