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Macroscopic quantum interference from atomic tunnel arrays

Anderson1, Kasevich

  • 1Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 30, 1998
PubMed
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Atomic de Broglie waves interfered when tunneling from traps loaded by Bose-Einstein condensate. This gravity-induced atomic tunneling interference is analogous to the ac Josephson effect in superconductors.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Condensate physics

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are quantum states of matter formed by cooling bosons to near absolute zero.
  • Atomic de Broglie waves describe the wave-like nature of atoms, crucial in quantum mechanics.
  • The ac Josephson effect demonstrates quantum tunneling in superconductors, offering a parallel phenomenon in electronic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe and analyze the interference of atomic de Broglie waves during quantum tunneling.
  • To investigate the role of gravity in inducing tunneling from an array of atomic traps.
  • To explore the relationship between atomic tunneling interference and the ac Josephson effect.

Main Methods:

  • Loading traps located in an optical standing wave's antinodes from a Bose-Einstein condensate.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inducing atomic tunneling via gravitational acceleration.
  • Observing interference patterns as a train of falling atomic pulses.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully observed interference of atomic de Broglie waves tunneling from a vertical array of macroscopically populated traps.
    • Demonstrated that gravity induces tunneling, leading to observable interference.
    • Found that the frequency of falling atomic pulses, in the weak interaction limit, is determined by the gravitational potential energy difference between adjacent traps.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirms the wave-like nature of atoms and demonstrates interference in a tunneling scenario.
    • The observed phenomenon provides a direct analog to the ac Josephson effect in superconducting systems.
    • This work opens avenues for exploring quantum phenomena in macroscopic atomic systems under gravitational influence.