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Experimental evaluation of two simple thermal models using transient temperature analysis

M C Kolios1, A E Worthington, M D Sherar

  • 1The Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|December 1, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Accurate thermal models are crucial for predicting tissue temperatures during therapies. The Pennes bioheat transfer equation better predicts transient temperatures influenced by blood flow than the effective thermal conductivity model, especially in regions without large vessels.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Thermal Medicine
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of tissue temperature distribution is vital for thermal therapies.
  • Transient temperature profiles are essential for short-duration, high-temperature procedures.
  • Blood flow significantly influences heat transfer and temperature distribution in tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the transient predictions of the bioheat transfer equation (BHTE) and the effective thermal conductivity equation (ETCE) models.
  • To validate these models against experimental transient temperature data in a perfused tissue model.
  • To assess the impact of blood flow on transient temperature profiles in heated tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup using a hot water needle to deliver a 20-second heating pulse to an excised porcine kidney.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Temperature profile measurements using a thermocouple in the kidney cortex, avoiding large vessels.
  • High-resolution computed tomography angiography used to identify vessel geometry.
  • Comparison of experimental data with predictions from the BHTE and ETCE models.

    • Main Results:

    • The Pennes bioheat transfer equation (BHTE) showed better agreement with experimental data than the effective thermal conductivity equation (ETCE) in regions without large vessels.
    • At 2 mm from the heat source, BHTE predicted a delay time of 9.4 s, closer to the measured 10.6 s, while ETCE predicted 5.4 s.
    • Localized cooling/heating effects near large vessels were observed during perfusion.
    • Increasing blood flow in avascular regions had minimal impact on temperature profiles for short heating durations.

    Conclusions:

    • The Pennes bioheat transfer equation is more accurate for modeling transient temperature profiles in tissues, particularly in avascular regions.
    • Blood flow, especially through large vessels, significantly impacts tissue temperature distribution during thermal therapies.
    • Accurate modeling of blood flow is critical for predicting thermal therapy outcomes.