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[Neuropathologic markers in degenerative dementias]

J J Hauw1, D Seilhean, M A Colle

  • 1Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R. Escourolle, INSERM U 360 et 106, Association Claude Bernard, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière.

Revue Neurologique
|December 3, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Neuropathological markers for degenerative dementias are evolving, with immunohistochemistry improving diagnosis. This review details key markers for tau, A beta, and PrP proteins, aiding in disease classification.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropathology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Biomarker Discovery

Context:

  • Increasing complexity and evolving diagnostic criteria for degenerative dementias.
  • The advent of immunohistochemistry has revolutionized the identification and understanding of neuropathological markers.
  • Re-evaluation of classic markers and discovery of new ones necessitate updated diagnostic approaches.

Purpose:

  • To review and summarize the main criteria for identifying key neuropathological markers in degenerative dementias.
  • To discuss the pathophysiological significance of markers related to abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins, A beta peptides, and PrP proteins.
  • To highlight the role of ubiquitin immunohistochemistry and classic markers like ballooned cells and spongiosis.

Summary:

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  • Abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins manifest in various neuronal and glial lesions, including neurofibrillary tangles, Pick bodies, and astrocytic changes.
  • A beta peptides are found extracellularly (plaques, diffuse deposits) and in vascular walls (amyloid angiopathies).
  • Prion protein (PrP) deposits, detected by sensitive immunohistochemistry, reveal diverse lesions beyond amyloid forms. Ubiquitin immunohistochemistry identifies inclusions in conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of current neuropathological markers for degenerative dementias.
    • Facilitates more accurate diagnosis and classification of neurodegenerative disorders.
    • Informs future research directions in understanding disease mechanisms and developing targeted therapies.