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Cancer incidence and mortality across Canada

L A Gaudette1, C A Altmayer, M Wysocki

  • 1Health Statistics Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa.

Health Reports
|December 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Cancer incidence and mortality rates vary significantly across Canadian provinces and territories. These geographic disparities are linked to lifestyle factors and cancer control program differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally and nationally.
  • Understanding geographic variations in cancer rates is crucial for targeted public health interventions.
  • Provincial and territorial differences in cancer incidence and mortality have been observed but require detailed analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze provincial and territorial patterns in cancer incidence and mortality rates for selected major cancer sites in Canada.
  • To identify geographic variations in cancer burden across Canadian provinces and territories.
  • To explore potential factors contributing to observed geographic disparities in cancer rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cancer incidence data from the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System and the Canadian Cancer Registry.
  • Employed mortality data from the Canadian Vital Statistics Data Base.
  • Calculated age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for Canada, provinces, and territories (1991-1993) for men and women, focusing on major cancer sites.

Main Results:

  • Geographic variations in cancer incidence and mortality are significantly influenced by lung, colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers.
  • Elevated cancer rates were observed in Quebec and Nova Scotia.
  • Lower cancer rates were noted in the three westernmost Canadian provinces.
  • These patterns correlate with provincial/territorial differences in smoking prevalence, dietary habits, and cancer screening program extent.

Conclusions:

  • Significant geographic variations in cancer incidence and mortality exist within Canada.
  • Provincial and territorial differences in lifestyle factors and cancer control initiatives likely contribute to these observed patterns.
  • Further research into specific risk factors and intervention effectiveness is warranted to address cancer disparities.

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