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Screening for cell-mediated immunity in children

R W Steele, D E Suttle, P C LeMaster

    American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)
    |November 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Assessing cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in children using skin tests and lymphocyte blastogenesis showed that combining assays improved detection. Tetanus toxoid was a more effective single antigen for screening young infants.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pediatric Medicine
    • Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI)

    Background:

    • Accurate assessment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is crucial for pediatric health.
    • Existing screening methods for CMI in infants and children require evaluation for efficacy.
    • Monilia and tetanus toxoid are commonly used antigens in immunological assessments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate skin testing and in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis as screening tools for CMI in pediatric populations.
    • To compare the effectiveness of Monilia and tetanus toxoid antigens in CMI assessment.
    • To determine the optimal combination of assays for detecting CMI in infants and children.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted skin testing and in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis assays using Monilia and tetanus toxoid.

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  • Analyzed assay positivity rates in relation to increasing age in infants and children.
  • Compared the sensitivity of in vivo skin tests versus in vitro blastogenic assays for CMI detection.

    • Main Results:

    • Assay positivity increased with age for all tested methods.
    • Tetanus toxoid demonstrated superior performance as a single screening antigen, especially in young infants.
    • Combining all assays yielded a positive result in 88% of children over 6 weeks of age.
    • In vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis was found to be more sensitive than skin testing for CMI assessment.
    • Infants with a history of Monilia diaper rash showed a higher likelihood of positive Monilia-specific reactions.

    Conclusions:

    • A combination of immunological assays provides a comprehensive approach to screening CMI in children.
    • Tetanus toxoid is a valuable antigen for early CMI screening in infants.
    • In vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis offers a more sensitive alternative to skin testing for evaluating CMI.