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A repeatable alignment method and local coordinate description for knee joint testing and kinematic measurement

B A MacWilliams1, J D DesJardins, D R Wilson

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. b.a.macwilliams@m.cc.utah.edu

Journal of Biomechanics
|December 5, 1998
PubMed
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This study introduces a reproducible method for aligning cadaver knees using X-ray landmarks for mechanical testing. The validated technique ensures accurate tibio-femoral rotation measurements, crucial for biomechanical analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedic research
  • Anatomical coordinate systems

Background:

  • Accurate alignment of cadaver knee specimens is essential for reliable mechanical testing.
  • Existing methods may lack precision or reproducibility in establishing anatomical coordinate systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel method for aligning cadaver knee specimens.
  • To determine local anatomical coordinate systems using X-ray identifiable landmarks.
  • To assess the reproducibility and physiological relevance of knee alignment in mechanical testing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized plane X-rays to identify anatomical landmarks on cadaver knee specimens.
  • Employed three sequential rotational alignments to position the femur and tibia relative to the testing rig's coordinate system.

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  • Validated the methodology through alignment by five independent observers.

    • Main Results:

    • Maximum error in tibia and femur alignment orientations was 2.2° from the mean.
    • Minor misalignments resulted in up to 4.7° variation in measured tibio-femoral rotations during flexion.
    • Kinematic measurements of 15 specimens confirmed reproducible and physiologically relevant knee alignment.

    Conclusions:

    • The introduced X-ray landmark-based method provides accurate and reproducible knee specimen alignment.
    • This technique is suitable for establishing anatomical coordinate systems for mechanical testing.
    • The alignment procedure yields physiologically relevant kinematic data for knee biomechanics research.