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Related Experiment Videos

Virus maturation by budding

H Garoff1, R Hewson, D J Opstelten

  • 1Department of Biosciences at Novum, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden. henrik.garoff@cbt.ki.se

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|December 5, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Viral budding, the process of enveloped virus maturation, is driven by protein interactions within the viral envelope. This mechanism explains viral and cellular membrane protein sorting and virion entry.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Enveloped viruses mature via budding at cellular membranes.
  • Traditionally, budding was thought to involve viral transmembrane proteins interacting with internal virion components.
  • Recent studies challenge this model, showing viral proteins can bud independently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental mechanism driving enveloped virus budding.
  • To propose a unifying model for virus budding applicable to diverse viral families.
  • To explore the implications of this model for protein sorting and virus entry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies on viral protein functions.
  • Analysis of biochemical and structural data on viral proteins.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Electron microscopy of viral particles.

    • Main Results:

    • Retrovirus Gag proteins can form enveloped particles independently.
    • Negative-strand RNA viruses and coronaviruses can bud with minimal or no nucleocapsid involvement.
    • Key viral proteins form 3D lattices or dense shells, indicating lateral interactions drive budding.
    • Alphavirus spike proteins exhibit extensive lateral interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • Enveloped virus budding is primarily governed by lateral interactions between membrane proteins.
    • This protein-driven budding model explains viral and cellular membrane protein sorting.
    • The proposed mechanism has implications for understanding virion uncoating during virus entry.