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Urinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydration

L E Armstrong1, J A Soto, F T Hacker

  • 1Human Performance Laboratory and Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.

International Journal of Sport Nutrition
|December 8, 1998
PubMed
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Urine color, osmolality, and specific gravity effectively indicate hydration status. These simple urine tests remain valid even after dehydration, exercise, and rehydration.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Accurate hydration status assessment is crucial for athletes and active individuals.
  • Traditional hydration markers include urine color (Ucol), specific gravity (Usg), and osmolality (Uosm).
  • Understanding the validity and sensitivity of these indices under various physiological conditions is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity and sensitivity of Ucol, Usg, and Uosm as hydration status indicators.
  • To compare these urine indices against changes in body water and other physiological markers.
  • To determine the impact of dehydration, exercise, and rehydration on the reliability of these hydration markers.

Main Methods:

  • Nine trained males participated in a 42-hour protocol.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The protocol included dehydration (-3.7% body mass), cycling to exhaustion (-5.2% body mass), and rehydration.
  • Urine and blood samples were collected, and body water changes were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • Urine color (Ucol) tracked body water changes as effectively as or better than Uosm, Usg, urine volume, plasma osmolality (Posm), plasma sodium, and plasma total protein.
    • The ranges observed were Ucol: 1-7, Usg: 1.004-1.029, Uosm: 117-1,081 mOsm x kg-1, and Posm: 280-298 mOsm x kg-1.
    • Significant dehydration, exercise, and rehydration minimally affected the validity and sensitivity of Ucol, Uosm, and Usg.

    Conclusions:

    • Urine color, osmolality, and specific gravity are valid indicators of hydration status.
    • These simple urine-based hydration markers demonstrate consistent validity and sensitivity across different physiological states.
    • The findings support the practical use of Ucol, Uosm, and Usg for monitoring hydration in various conditions.