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The role of enterocytes in gut dysfunction

S E Kong1, K Heel, R McCauley

  • 1University Department of Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|December 8, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how enterocyte biology impacts gut barrier function. Key nutrients like glutamine and polyamines are vital for reversing gut atrophy and maintaining intestinal health.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Cell Biology
  • Focuses on intestinal epithelium, cell differentiation, and barrier function.

Background:

  • Intestinal stem cells differentiate into enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells, crucial for mucosal cytoprotection.
  • Mature enterocytes possess antigen-presenting capabilities.
  • Critically ill patients receiving parenteral or enteral nutrition often experience gut atrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between enterocyte biology and the failure of the gut barrier.
  • To highlight the role of specific nutrients in maintaining intestinal integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on intestinal cell biology, nutrition, and gut barrier function.
  • Discussion of the impact of nutrients like glutamine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and ornithine on intestinal adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Glutamine, the primary intestinal nutrient, effectively reverses gut atrophy and supports gut barrier function.
  • Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) and ornithine can modulate intestinal adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Enterocyte biology is intrinsically linked to gut barrier integrity.
  • Nutritional strategies involving glutamine and polyamines are critical for preserving gut health, especially in critical illness.

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