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Retinoblastoma: problems and perspectives from India

S Sahu1, S D Banavali, S K Pai

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
|December 8, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This study on retinoblastoma (RB) in India found most patients present with advanced disease, often from underprivileged backgrounds. Early detection is crucial, especially for unilateral cases, to improve outcomes for this childhood eye cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children.
  • Understanding the clinical and epidemiological profile of RB is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management, particularly in diverse healthcare settings like India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of retinoblastoma in Indian patients.
  • To identify challenges and disparities in the presentation and management of retinoblastoma in India.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 296 retinoblastoma cases over 8 years.
  • Data collection through hospital records and postal follow-ups.
  • Evaluation of patient demographics, disease laterality, age at presentation, family history, and disease stage.

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Main Results:

  • Unilateral RB occurred in 61.8% of patients; median age at presentation was 3.5 years (1.0 year for bilateral).
  • 74.5% presented with advanced disease (Reese-Ellsworth groups IV and V), with only 43.6% localized to the globe.
  • Patients from underprivileged backgrounds and those with unilateral disease presented later with more advanced stages.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of Indian retinoblastoma patients present with advanced disease, often linked to delayed medical attention and socioeconomic factors.
  • Bilateral RB cases present earlier than unilateral ones, suggesting potential differences in tumor biology or awareness.
  • Addressing socioeconomic barriers and promoting early detection are vital for improving retinoblastoma outcomes in India.