Recruitment and loading of the E1 initiator protein: an ATP-dependent process catalysed by a transcription factor

Initiation of DNA replication critically depends on ori recognition as well as on catalytic activities of the initiator complex. For replication of papillomaviruses the catalytic activities for initiation are provided by the E1 protein. Here, we show that the transcription factor E2 acts to assemble E1 into a complex active for ori distortion in two steps. First, cooperative DNA binding of E1 and E2 generates a sequence-specific ori recognition complex. In the second ATP-dependent step, E2 is displaced and additional E1 molecules are incorporated. The net result is a final complex with low sequence specificity deposited onto a specific sequence in the DNA. This may be a general strategy to accomplish specific positioning of protein complexes with low sequence specificity.