High-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma in a 10-year-old girl: case report

Endometrial stromal sarcomas occur primarily in perimenopausal women and are quite uncommon in children. We report a case of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma in a 10-year-old girl, who initially experienced lower abdominal pain on voiding. After a series of examinations, surgical treatment was performed, including an extended total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic lymph node sampling, and partial omentectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy and hormonal therapy followed, however, the abdominal tumor recurred 9 months later. Invasion of the right lobe of the liver with compression of the inferior vena cava and pleural effusion was noted. The patient then received prolonged oral etoposide therapy. The treatment stabilized the tumor size and relieved her symptoms for 4 months. She finally succumbed to the disease as a result of distant metastasis.