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Stress films, emotion, and cognitive response

M Horowitz, N Wilner

    Archives of General Psychiatry
    |November 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    People experiencing stress, whether positive or negative, may develop intrusive thoughts. This challenges the idea that only trauma causes repetitive thinking, suggesting a broader psychological response to stress.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Cognitive Science
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • The repetition compulsion theory posits that individuals experiencing trauma develop compulsive repetitions of traumatic events.
    • This theory has primarily focused on neurotic individuals and negative valence stressors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the generality of the repetition compulsion phenomenon beyond neurotic individuals and trauma.
    • To determine if stressful events with positive emotional valence can also elicit repetitive thought patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants were exposed to various stressful stimuli, including those eliciting positive emotions and dysphoric affects.
    • Post-exposure, participants' thought patterns were assessed for intrusive and repetitive content.

    Main Results:

    • A general effect was observed across various participant types and stressful events.
    • Intrusive and stimulus-repetitive thoughts were prevalent following both positively and negatively valenced stressful stimuli.
    • The findings indicate that the stressor's valence (positive or negative) is not a necessary condition for developing repetitive thoughts.

    Conclusions:

    • The tendency to develop intrusive and repetitive thoughts is a more general psychological response to stress than previously theorized.
    • This phenomenon extends beyond trauma and neuroticism, encompassing a wider range of stressful experiences and individual differences.
    • Future research should explore the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms driving these generalized stress-induced repetitive thoughts.

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