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Related Experiment Videos

Nonthrombogenic, adhesive cellular lining for left ventricular assist devices

T Scott-Burden1, C L Tock, J P Bosely

  • 1Vascular Cell Biology Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston 77225-0345, USA. tscottburden@biost1.thi.tmc.edu

Circulation
|December 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary

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Genetically engineered smooth muscle cells improved left ventricular assist device (LVAD) biocompatibility by reducing blood clotting. These modified cells adhered well to LVAD surfaces, showing promise for long-term device function.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) often face biocompatibility issues due to blood coagulation on device surfaces, leading to complications like bleeding and thromboembolism.
  • Existing LVADs develop a cellular lining (panus) on blood-contacting surfaces, suggesting that pre-seeding with cells could enhance biocompatibility.
  • Genetic engineering of cells to improve antithrombotic properties is explored to mitigate LVAD-related complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of seeding LVADs with genetically engineered smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to enhance blood biocompatibility.
  • To assess the antithrombotic potential and cell-adhesive capabilities of nitric oxide-producing SMCs on LVAD biomaterials.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of cell-seeded LVADs.

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Main Methods:

  • Bovine vascular smooth muscle cells were genetically engineered to produce nitric oxide and seeded onto LVAD biomaterials.
  • Cell adhesion under shear stress was compared between engineered SMCs and native endothelial cells.
  • Thrombogenicity was assessed by quantifying platelet adhesion to engineered SMC monolayers.
  • Cell retention in seeded LVADs was evaluated in vitro flow loops and in vivo calf implantation models.

Main Results:

  • Engineered SMCs demonstrated superior adhesion to LVAD biomaterials compared to endothelial cells under high shear stress (up to 75 dyne/cm).
  • Platelet adhesion to engineered SMCs was significantly reduced, comparable to endothelial cell layers, indicating reduced thrombogenicity.
  • Cell loss from seeded LVADs in vitro flow loops was less than 5%, demonstrating excellent cell retention.
  • In vivo implantation showed successful adherence of engineered SMCs to the LVAD surface.

Conclusions:

  • LVADs seeded with genetically engineered, nitric oxide-producing smooth muscle cells exhibit robust adhesion under flow conditions.
  • This approach shows significant potential for improving the long-term biocompatibility and reducing thrombotic complications associated with LVADs.