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Angiogenesis and apoptosis are cellular parameters of neoplastic progression in transgenic mouse models of
G Bergers1, D Hanahan, L M Coussens
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.
Abstract:
The epidemiology and histopathology of human cancers and studies of animal models of tumorigenesis have led to a widely-accepted notion that multiple genetic and epigenetic changes have to accrue for the successful development of a malignant phenotype. Tumor growth and expansion requires an ability not only to proliferate, but also to down-modulate cell death (apoptosis) and activate angiogenesis to produce a tumor neovasculature. This review will describe the interplay between apoptosis and proliferation, as well as the characteristics of the angiogenic phenotype in two transgenic mouse models of multi-step tumorigenesis, namely, pancreatic islet cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.