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Cyclic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by concomitant carbon dioxide changes

J L Benumof, J M Mathers, E A Wahrenbrock

    Journal of Applied Physiology
    |October 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction can be unstable. Blood flow to hypoxic lung areas may oscillate due to interactions between ventilation, blood flow, and carbon dioxide levels.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Pulmonary Circulation
    • Respiratory System

    Background:

    • Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a physiological response that redirects blood flow away from poorly oxygenated lung areas.
    • The stability and dynamics of HPV under acute conditions are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the stability of acute lobar hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
    • To determine the factors influencing the dynamic behavior of blood flow during localized lung hypoxia.

    Main Methods:

    • Selective ventilation of the left lower lobe (LLL) with nitrogen in 12 mongrel dogs.
    • Continuous monitoring of LLL blood flow fraction and LLL end-tidal CO2 for 1 hour.
    • Experimental manipulations included constant CO2 infusion and induction of hypoxia via atelectasis.

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    Main Results:

    • LLL blood flow and end-tidal CO2 initially decreased during hypoxia, followed by damped oscillations.
    • Oscillations were absent when LLL end-tidal CO2 was maintained constant or when hypoxia was induced by atelectasis.
    • These findings suggest a feedback mechanism involving regional PCO2 and blood flow.

    Conclusions:

    • Constant minute ventilation of a hypoxic lung area leads to decreased regional blood flow.
    • Reduced regional blood flow subsequently lowers regional alveolar PCO2, creating opposing influences.
    • This interplay results in oscillatory blood flow patterns in acutely hypoxic lung regions.