Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Reinforcement without awareness: I. Voice level

D A Lieberman1, W L Sunnucks, J D Kirk

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK. d.a.lieberman@stir.ac.uk

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B, Comparative and Physiological Psychology
|December 17, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Asia Pacific consensus recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.

Gut·2008
Same author

Risk factors for cardiopulmonary events during propofol-mediated upper endoscopy and colonoscopy.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2006
Same author

Variation in practice of ileal intubation among diverse endoscopy settings: results from a national endoscopic database.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2005
Same author

Review article: balancing the ideal versus the practical-considerations of colorectal cancer prevention and screening.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2004
Same author

Feasibility of colonoscopy screening: discussion of issues and recommendations regarding implementation.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy·2001
Same author

One-time screening for colorectal cancer with combined fecal occult-blood testing and examination of the distal colon.

The New England journal of medicine·2001
Same journal

Perirhinal cortex and its neighbours in the medial temporal lobe: contributions to memory and perception.

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology·2005
Same journal

The anatomy of object processing: the role of anteromedial temporal cortex.

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology·2005
Same journal

A mini-review of fMRI studies of human medial temporal lobe activity associated with recognition memory.

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology·2005
Same journal

The role of the human medial temporal lobe in object recognition and object discrimination.

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology·2005
Same journal

The contribution of the human medial temporal lobe to perception: bridging the gap between animal and human studies.

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology·2005
Same journal

Monkey perirhinal cortex is critical for visual memory, but not for visual perception: reexamination of the behavioural evidence from monkeys.

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology·2005
See all related articles

Reinforcement can shape behavior unconsciously. Rigorous experiments show that subtle reinforcement significantly increased response probability, even when participants reported no awareness of the contingency.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research on unconscious reinforcement yielded mixed results.
  • Adequate awareness assessment procedures often negate reinforcement effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if reinforcement can strengthen behavior without awareness using rigorous methods.
  • To create unobtrusive reinforcement contingencies to maximize learning without awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments employed a cover story about ESP to mask the true contingency.
  • Reinforcement was delivered based on vocal response loudness, not accuracy.
  • Awareness of the reinforcement contingency was explicitly assessed.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants' reinforced response probability significantly increased across trials.
  • No participants reported awareness of the link between their vocal loudness and trial outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Subtle reinforcement can effectively modify behavior even in the absence of conscious awareness.
  • These findings support the existence of unconscious learning and behavioral modification through reinforcement.