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Related Experiment Videos

Neurology and the kidney

D J Burn1, D Bates

  • 1Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|December 17, 1998
PubMed
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Kidney failure significantly impacts the nervous system, causing encephalopathy and neuropathy. Treatments like dialysis and transplantation can reverse some effects, but new neurological challenges arise with these therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Renal failure commonly affects the nervous system, with effects more pronounced in acute kidney injury.
  • Acquired and genetic diseases can impact both the kidneys and the brain, including vasculitis, paraproteinaemias, and Von Hippel-Lindau disease.
  • Uremia affects central and peripheral nervous systems, with uremic encephalopathy causing cognitive issues, delirium, and potentially coma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurological manifestations of renal failure.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology and clinical features of uremic encephalopathy and neuropathy.
  • To examine neurological complications associated with dialysis and renal transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neurological complications in renal failure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of clinical presentations and pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Examination of neurological side effects of renal replacement therapies.

    • Main Results:

    • Uremic encephalopathy presents with fluctuating cognitive deficits, progressing to seizures and coma.
    • Renal failure can cause peripheral neuropathy affecting large axons, potentially reversible with dialysis/transplantation.
    • Dialysis is linked to syndromes like dysequilibrium and Wernicke's encephalopathy; transplantation carries risks of nerve injury and immunosuppressant side effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurological involvement in renal disease is complex and multifactorial.
    • Dialysis and transplantation, while life-saving, introduce specific neurological risks.
    • Collaboration between neurologists and nephrologists is crucial for managing these evolving challenges.