ERPs and chronometry of face recognition: following-up Seeck et al. and George et al

Seeck et al. found that event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by repeated and non-repeated face photographs differ as early as 50-70ms post-onset. They thus suggested that faces are recognized at these latencies, in contrast with current opinions in ERP literature. However, the similar latencies obtained by George et al. for stimuli not perceived as faces suggest that Seeck et al.'s differences could index repetition rather than face recognition per se. To address this issue, we used matched faces of known and unknown persons. We found the earliest differences between the ERPs to these faces between 76 and 130 ms. These results, which are consistent with other data, suggest that the differentiation of faces takes approximately 100 ms of processing time in humans.