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Related Experiment Videos

The percolation phase transition in sea Ice

Golden1, Ackley, Lytle

  • 1K. M. Golden, Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. S. F. Ackley, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. V. I. Lytle, Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre a.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 18, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Sea ice becomes permeable to fluid flow at a critical temperature, allowing heat and nutrient transport. This transition, explained by percolation theory, is vital for understanding sea ice geophysics and biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Oceanography
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Sea ice exhibits a significant shift in fluid transport properties.
  • This transition occurs at a critical brine volume fraction (pc ≈ 5%) or temperature (Tc ≈ -5°C).
  • Above Tc, brine movement facilitates heat and nutrient transfer; below Tc, sea ice becomes impermeable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the critical behavior of transport properties in sea ice.
  • To investigate the role of brine channels in sea ice.
  • To apply percolation theory to understand sea ice permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing percolation theory to model sea ice transport.
  • Comparing sea ice microstructure to compressed powders.
  • Theoretically predicting the critical brine volume fraction (pc).

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Main Results:

  • A critical brine volume fraction (pc) of approximately 5% was identified.
  • A critical temperature (Tc) of approximately -5°C for a salinity of 5 parts per thousand was determined.
  • Sea ice microstructure shows similarities to compressed powders, supporting theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The transition in sea ice fluid transport is governed by percolation theory.
  • Understanding this critical transition is crucial for geophysics, biology, and remote sensing of sea ice.
  • Theoretical predictions of pc align with observed sea ice properties.