[Uretero-iliac fistula]

To describe a case of uretero-iliac fistula, an extremely rare condition that is not easily diagnosed.

Herein we describe a 76-year-old female who had undergone repeated pelvic surgery for adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid. She had a right ureteral fistula that had been managed conservatively by insertion of a ureteral catheter. Diagnosis was made by selective arteriography of the iliac arteries. The patient was submitted to surgery; primary closure of the arterial fistula and nephroureterectomy were performed.

Uretero-iliac fistula should be suspected in patients with a history of repeated pelvic surgery and ureteral catheter placement that present with massive hematuria.