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Schedule-controlled behavior in the morphine-dependent rat

R D Ford, R L Balster

    Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
    |May 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Morphine affects rat behavior in a dose-dependent manner, altering response rates during acute and chronic use. Withdrawal from morphine also significantly impacts behavior, causing prolonged changes in response rates.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral pharmacology
    • Neuroscience
    • Opioid research

    Background:

    • Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic with significant behavioral effects.
    • Understanding morphine's impact on behavior is crucial for managing pain and addiction.
    • Schedule-controlled responding provides a quantitative measure of drug effects on behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the behavioral effects of acute and chronic morphine administration in rats.
    • To examine the behavioral consequences of morphine withdrawal.
    • To analyze response patterns under a differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) schedule.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were trained to respond under a DRL schedule for food reinforcement.
    • Acute and chronic morphine administration was performed at various doses.

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  • Physical dependence was induced through escalating daily injections.
  • Behavioral changes during withdrawal were monitored over several days.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute morphine exhibited biphasic effects: low doses increased responding, while higher doses decreased it.
    • Chronic morphine administration disrupted responding, decreasing reinforcer delivery and generally lowering response rates.
    • Morphine withdrawal resulted in a 5-day period of altered behavior, including initial decreases and later prolonged increases in response rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Morphine exerts complex, dose-dependent behavioral effects on operant responding.
    • Chronic morphine leads to disrupted behavior and dependence.
    • Morphine withdrawal syndrome is characterized by significant and prolonged alterations in response patterns.