Contextual quick-learning and generalization by humans and machines

In a previous study (1994 Network: Comput. Neural Syst. 5 203-27) we compared human quick-learning and generalization (quick modelling) with that of neural nets (feedforward architectures), symbolic algorithms (decision tree procedures), and pattern classifiers (truth-set descriptors). Those studies raised the question of the role of context in the nature and rapidity of human learning. Here we address that issue in the setting of the same basic experiment (Quinlan classification problem) used for the previous studies. A major implication of our findings is that humans overwhelmingly seek, create, or imagine context in order to provide meaning when presented with abstract or apparently incomplete or contradictory or otherwise untenable situations.