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Bioactive phytochemicals with emphasis on dietary practices

K Krishnaswamy1, N Raghuramulu

  • 1National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|December 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Dietary plant compounds offer significant antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticancer benefits. Indian culinary foods like green leafy vegetables, turmeric, and spices show promise in preventing chronic diseases and oxidative damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Phytochemistry
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Dietary modifications can impact metabolic disorders and disease prevention, particularly those involving oxidative damage.
  • Nutrient and non-nutrient food components possess antioxidant and other beneficial biological activities.
  • Plant-derived phytochemicals, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, exhibit significant biological activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticancer effects of common Indian culinary foods.
  • To evaluate the vitamin D-like activity of specific plant-based phytochemicals.
  • To explore the potential of dietary interventions for chronic disease prevention in India.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing antioxidant activity of green leafy vegetables, wheat, and rice.
  • Investigating the protective effects of eugenol (clove) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
  • Studying the in vivo antimutagenic and anticancer effects of turmeric/curcumin in rodent models and humans at risk for palatal cancer.
  • Examining the calcinogenic and vitamin D-like activity of plants from the Solanaceae family.

Main Results:

  • Green leafy vegetables exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, followed by wheat and rice; cooking reduced this activity.
  • Eugenol demonstrated hepatoprotective and anti-peroxidative effects.
  • Turmeric/curcumin showed potent antimutagenic properties, reduced DNA adducts, and lowered tumor burden in various models. A significant regression of precancerous lesions was observed in humans supplemented with turmeric.
  • Onion and garlic possess antimutagenic principles.
  • Certain Solanaceae plants displayed vitamin D-like activity.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary plant compounds possess significant antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties, with green leafy vegetables, turmeric, and spices being particularly noteworthy.
  • Eugenol, turmeric, curcumin, onion, and garlic show promise for disease prevention and treatment.
  • Dietary prevention, combined with lifestyle changes, is a viable strategy for preventing cancer and other chronic diseases in India.

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