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Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Multan, Pakistan

G Mujtaba¹, M Khalid

¹Department of Dermatology, Nishtar Medical College, Multan, Pakistan.

International Journal of Dermatology

|December 29, 1998

Summary

This study investigated cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Pakistan, finding only dry lesions predominantly on exposed areas, with most patients under 30. The absence of wet CL lesions suggests Leishmania major is not present in this region.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Infectious Diseases
Parasitology

Background:

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant endemic disease in Pakistan.
Limited data exists on the specific incidence and clinical presentation of CL within Pakistan.
Understanding regional variations in CL is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Multan, Pakistan.
To document the types of lesions, affected body areas, and demographic distribution of CL patients.
To compare findings with other regions in Pakistan reporting different CL manifestations.

Main Methods:

A retrospective study of CL patients attending Nishtar Hospital, Multan, from January 1995 to June 1997.
Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory identification of Leishmania parasites via Giemsa-stained smears.
Detailed clinical information was systematically recorded for all included patients.

Main Results:

305 patients with 681 lesions were observed over 30 months, exclusively presenting as dry-type CL.
Lesions predominantly occurred on exposed body parts (97%), with most patients having one or two lesions.
The majority of affected individuals were under 30 years old (85%), with a slight male predominance (60%), and cases peaked during winter.

Conclusions:

The exclusive presence of dry-type CL lesions in this study area suggests the absence of Leishmania major.
This contrasts with other regions in Pakistan where both dry and wet forms of CL are documented.
Further research is needed to understand the geographical distribution of Leishmania species within Pakistan.

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